blew是什么意思 began是什么意思( 二 )


I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了 。(3) 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语 。例如:
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次 。
五、现在完成时常用的时间状语
before, by now (so far), once, twice…, just, recently, yet(否/疑), already(肯), ever, never, all one’s life , in /during the past /last 5 years 例如:
We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了 。
They haven’t finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业 。
— Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?
— I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城 。
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过 。
He has been there three times the last few days.
近几天他去过那里三次了 。
六、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响 。
I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影 。(强调看的动作发生过了 。)
I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影了 。(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了 。)
2) 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语 。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday;last week;…ago;in1990;in October;just now …
现在完成时的时间状语:
already;ever; for;just;never;since;yet;so far;till/until;
up to now;in the past few years;recently…
3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如:
live;teach;learn;work;study;know等;
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等 。
She joined the League three years ago.
她三年前入团了 。(加入的动作不是延续的)
She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).
她入团三年了 。(在团内的状态,可延续)
She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).
她入团三年了 。(是团员的状态,可持续)
七、非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示一段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在 。但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 。要用,必须将其改为相应的延续性动词来表述 。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换: arrive → be here
begin(start) → be ondie →be dead
come back → be back leave →be away
fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep) get up→be up
go out→be out finish →be over
put on→wear 或be on open→be open
join→be in或 be a member of… close→be closed
go to school → be a student borrow→keep
buy→havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)
get to know →know begin to study→study
come to work→work
例如:
He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了 。His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世两年了 。The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了 。We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了 。
八、have/has gone to;have/has been to;have/has been in的区别
have/has 百思特网gone to:已经去了或在途中,还没有返回;

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